Advanced 15 Selenium Interview Questions with Coding Examples

<suite name="ParallelSuite" parallel="tests" thread-count="4" configfailurepolicy="continue">
    <!-- Suite-level parallel execution -->
    <test name="ChromeTests" parallel="classes" thread-count="2">
        <parameter name="browser" value="chrome"/>
        <classes>
            <class name="com.tests.LoginTest"/>
            <class name="com.tests.CheckoutTest"/>
        </classes>
    </test>
    <test name="FirefoxTests">
        <parameter name="browser" value="firefox"/>
        <packages>
            <package name="com.module1.tests.*"/>
        </packages>
    </test>
</suite>

<test name="CrossBrowser">
    <methods>
        <include name="testLogin" invocation-count="3">
            <parameter name="browser" value="chrome"/>
            <parameter name="browser" value="firefox"/>
            <parameter name="browser" value="edge"/>
        </include>
    </methods>
</test>

Feature: Login functionality
  Scenario: Successful login
    Given I navigate to login page
    When I enter valid "testuser" and "Pass123"
    Then I should see dashboard

@When("I enter valid {string} and {string}")
public void enterCredentials(String user, String pass) {
    loginPage.enterCredentials(user, pass);
}

public class RetryAnalyzer implements IRetryAnalyzer {
    private int count = 0;
    private static final int MAX_RETRY = 2;
    
    public boolean retry(ITestResult result) {
        return count++ < MAX_RETRY && 
               result.getThrowable() instanceof StaleElementReferenceException;
    }
}

public void safeClick(By locator) {
    wait.until(d -> {
        try {
            WebElement el = d.findElement(locator);
            return el.isDisplayed() && el.isEnabled();
        } catch (StaleElementReferenceException e) {
            return false;
        }
    }).click();
}

DevTools devTools = ((ChromeDriver)driver).getDevTools();
devTools.createSession();
devTools.send(Network.enable(Optional.empty(), Optional.empty(), Optional.empty()));
devTools.send(Network.emulateNetworkConditions(
    false, 100, 5000, 2000, 
    Optional.of(ConnectionType.CELLULAR3G)
);

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.setCapability("goog:loggingPrefs", new LoggingPreferences());
options.addArguments("--disable-extensions");
options.addArguments("--disable-notifications");
options.addArguments("--disable-web-security");
options.setExperimentalOption("excludeSwitches", 
    new String[]{"enable-automation"});

pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('Checkout') {
            steps {
                git branch: 'main', url: 'https://github.com/your/repo.git'
            }
        }
        stage('Test') {
            parallel {
                stage('Chrome') {
                    steps {
                        sh "mvn test -Dbrowser=chrome -Dgroups=smoke"
                    }
                }
                stage('Firefox') {
                    steps {
                        sh "mvn test -Dbrowser=firefox -Dgroups=smoke"
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        stage('Report') {
            steps {
                allure includeProperties: false, jdk: '', results: [[path: 'target/allure-results']]
            }
        }
    }
    post {
        always {
            archiveArtifacts artifacts: 'target/surefire-reports/**/*', fingerprint: true
        }
    }
}

version: '3.8'
services:
  hub:
    image: selenium/hub:4.1.0
    ports:
      - "4442:4442"  # Grid console
      - "4443:4443"  # Live sessions
    environment:
      - SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST=hub
      - SE_NODE_MAX_SESSIONS=5
    deploy:
      resources:
        limits:
          cpus: '1'
          memory: 2G

  chrome:
    image: selenium/node-chrome:4.1.0
    shm_size: 2gb
    environment:
      - SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST=hub
      - SE_NODE_MAX_SESSIONS=3
    depends_on:
      - hub
    volumes:
      - /dev/shm:/dev/shm  # Critical for Chrome stability

kubectl create deployment selenium-hub --image=selenium/hub
kubectl scale deployment selenium-node --replicas=5

public void bypassCaptcha() {
    if (isTestEnvironment()) {
        driver.executeScript(
            "document.getElementById('captcha').value = 'BYPASSED'");
    } else {
        solveRealCaptcha();
    }
}

public class StockTickerTest {
    private WebSocketClient client;
    
    @BeforeMethod
    public void connect() throws URISyntaxException {
        client = new WebSocketClient(new URI("wss://api.stock.com")) {
            @Override
            public void onMessage(String message) {
                StockData data = new Gson().fromJson(message, StockData.class);
                assertTrue(data.getPrice() > 0);
            }
        };
        client.connect();
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testPriceUpdates() {
        driver.findElement(By.id("refresh")).click();
        await().atMost(5, SECONDS).untilAsserted(() -> {
            assertNotNull(lastMessage);
        });
    }
}

SELECT stock_symbol, COUNT(*) 
FROM price_updates 
WHERE timestamp > NOW() - INTERVAL '1 minute'
GROUP BY stock_symbol
HAVING COUNT(*) < 10;  -- Expecting 10+ updates per minute